galassia

Megamaser

Questa galassia ha la più divertente e futuristica classificazione di tutte: è un megamaser! I megamaser sono maser 100 milioni di volte più luminosi di quelli che si trovano nella nostra galassia, la Via Lattea. L’intera galassia, in quel caso, agisce praticamente come un laser di dimensioni astronomiche che non emette luce bensì microonde (maser è come laser ma con la M di microonde anzichè la L di luce). Continua a leggere

Una Rosa di Galassie

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Questa straordinaria immagine ripresa dal telescopio Hubble mostra uno spettacolare insieme di galassie interagenti chiamato Arp 273. La grande galassia a spirale in alto, nota come UGC 1810, presenta un disco che forma un’incredibile struttura simile ad una rosa, distorto dall’azione gravitazionale della sua compagna sottostante, UGC 1813.

Puntinismo stellare

On a clear evening in April of 1789, the renowned astronomer William Herschel continued his unrelenting survey of the night sky, hunting for new cosmic objects — and found cause to celebrate! Lengthening his impressive list of cosmic discoveries yet again, the astronomer spotted this bright spiral galaxy, named NGC 4707, lurking in the constellation of Canes Venatici (The Hunting Dog). NGC 4707 lies roughly 22 million light-years from Earth. Over two centuries later, the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope is able to view the same galaxy in far greater detail than Herschel could, allowing us to appreciate the intricacies and characteristics of NGC 4707 as never before. This striking image comprises observations from Hubble’s Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS), one of a handful of high-resolution instruments currently aboard the space telescope. Herschel himself reportedly described NGC 4707 as a “small, stellar” galaxy; while it is classified as a spiral (type Sm), its overall shape, centre, and spiral arms are very loose and undefined, and its central bulge is either very small or non-existent. It instead appears as a rough sprinkling of stars and bright flashes of blue on a dark canvas, as if a pointillist painter had dotted the cosmos with small pinpricks of bright paint. The blue smudges seen across the frame highlight regions of recent or ongoing star formation, with newborn stars glowing in bright, intense shades of cyan and turquoise.

In una limpida notte dell’aprile 1789 l’astronomo William Herschel, mentre proseguiva la sua inarrestabile esplorazione del cielo notturno, individuò un nuovo oggetto cosmico ed ebbe occasione di festeggiare! Incrementando la sua lista straordinaria di scoperte ancora una volta, l’astronomo osservò questa brillante galassia a spirale, chiamata NGC 4707, nella costellazione dei Cani da Caccia. NGC 4707 si trova a circa 22 milioni di anni luce dalla Terra. Continua a leggere

Una Fatina Cosmica

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Utilizzando il Very Large Telescope dell’ESO, un team internazionale di astronomi ha individuato uno splendido, raro caso di triplice fusione di galassie. Questo sistema, che gli astronomi hanno soprannominato L’Uccello (“The Bird”), anche se potrebbe assomigliare ad una fatina Trilly cosmica, si compone di due galassie a spirale massicce e una terza galassia irregolare. Continua a leggere

La Galassia Ruota di Carro

An image of the Cartwheel Galaxy taken with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has been reprocessed using the latest techniques to mark the closure of the Space Telescope European Coordination Facility (ST-ECF), based near Munich in Germany, and to celebrate its achievements in supporting Hubble science in Europe over the past 26 years. Astronomer Bob Fosbury, who is stepping down as Head of the ST-ECF, was responsible for much of the early research into the Cartwheel Galaxy along with the late Tim Hawarden — including giving the object its very apposite name — and so this image was selected as a fitting tribute. The object was first spotted on wide-field images from the UK Schmidt telescope and then studied in detail using the Anglo-Australian Telescope.Lying about 500 million light-years away in the constellation of Sculptor, the cartwheel shape of this galaxy is the result of a violent galactic collision. A smaller galaxy has passed right through a large disc galaxy and produced shock waves that swept up gas and dust — much like the ripples produced when a stone is dropped into a lake — and sparked regions of intense star formation (appearing blue). The outermost ring of the galaxy, which is 1.5 times the size of our Milky Way, marks the shock wave’s leading edge. This object is one of the most dramatic examples of the small class of ring galaxies.This image was produced after Hubble data was reprocessed using the free open source software FITS Liberator 3, which was developed at the ST-ECF. Careful use of this widely used state-of-the-art tool on the original Hubble observations of the Cartwheel Galaxy has brought out more detail in the image than ever before. Although the ST-ECF is closing, ESA’s mission to bring amazing Hubble discoveries to the public will be unaffected, with Hubblecasts, press and photo releases, and Hubble Pictures of the Week continuing to be regularly posted on spacetelescope.org. Links  Space Telescope European Coordination

   

A circa 500 milioni di anni luce di distanza nella costellazione dello Scultore, la forma della Galassia Ruota di Carro (Cartwheel Galaxy) è il risultato di una collisione galattica violenta. Una galassia più piccola è passata attraverso il disco di una grande galassia e ha prodotto onde d’urto che hanno travolto gas e polveri, in modo simile alle increspature prodotte quando un sasso cade in un lago. Lo scontro titanico ha innescato nella regione intensi fenomeni di formazione stellare. Continua a leggere

Metamorfosi nella Vergine

The constellation of Virgo (The Virgin) is especially rich in galaxies, due in part to the presence of a massive and gravitationally-bound collection of over 1300 galaxies called the Virgo Cluster. One particular member of this cosmic community, NGC 4388, is captured in this image, as seen by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope’s Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3). Located some 60 million light-years away, NGC 4388 is experiencing some of the less desirable effects that come with belonging to such a massive galaxy cluster. It is undergoing a transformation, and has taken on a somewhat confused identity. While the galaxy’s outskirts appear smooth and featureless, a classic feature of an elliptical galaxy, its centre displays remarkable dust lanes constrained within two symmetric spiral arms, which emerge from the galaxy’s glowing core — one of the obvious features of a spiral galaxy. Within the arms, speckles of bright blue mark the locations of young stars, indicating that NGC 4388 has hosted recent bursts of star formation. Despite the mixed messages, NGC 4388 is classified as a spiral galaxy. Its unusual combination of features are thought to have been caused by interactions between NGC 4388 and the Virgo Cluster. Gravitational interactions — from glancing blows to head-on collisions, tidal influencing, mergers, and galactic cannibalism — can be devastating to galaxies. While some may be lucky enough to simply suffer a distorted spiral arm or newly-triggered wave of star formation, others see their structure and contents completely and irrevocably altered.

  

Questa volta l’obiettivo del telescopio Hubble è una galassia molto particolare, NGC 4388, soggetta suo malgrado ad una trasformazione radicale che ne ha alterato l’intera struttura, quasi si trattasse di una vera e propria metamorfosi. Continua a leggere

Tripudio di stelle in una lontana galassia

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Una galassia distante, scoperta recentemente, si illumina del bagliore di una quantità straordinaria di stelle neonate, formandole ad un ritmo forsennato. La prolifica galassia, chiamata SPT 0346-52, si trova a 12,7 miliardi di anni luce dalla Terra ed è stata quindi osservata circa un miliardo di anni dopo il Big Bang. Continua a leggere

L’Oggetto di Hoag

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Un anello quasi perfetto di calde stelle blu disposte attorno al nucleo giallastro di una galassia insolita: è l’Oggetto di Hoag. L’intera galassia si estende in ampiezza per circa 120.000 anni luce, leggermente più grande della nostra Via Lattea. L’anello blu è dominato dalla presenza di gruppi di giovani stelle massicce, in netto contrasto con il nucleo di colore giallo composto da stelle per lo più vecchie. Continua a leggere